Thanks Ezra Klein for a blow by blow account of Trump’s interview with New York Times.

I am not a medical professional, and I will not pretend to know what is truly happening here. It’s become a common conversation topic in Washington to muse on whether the president is suffering from some form of cognitive decline or psychological malady. I don’t think those hypotheses are necessary or meaningful. Whatever the cause, it is plainly obvious from Trump’s words that this is not a man fit to be president, that he is not well or capable in some fundamental way. That is an uncomfortable thing to say, and so many prefer not to say it, but Trump does not occupy a job where such deficiencies can be safely ignored.

Source: Donald Trump’s New York Times interview is scary to read – Vox

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Great reporting on how some of the Chibok girls captured by Boko Haram were released after almost 3 years

Naomi Adamu had once been an ordinary student at the Chibok Government Secondary School. She was older than most of her classmates. She played soccer. She studied mathematics in her dormitory bunk bed. Now, as she shuffled through the wilderness at gunpoint after 1,102 days in captivity, her eyes were hollow, her skin drawn tightly over her cheekbones.The Chibok schoolgirls carried only a few visible possessions: strips of colored cloth, flip-flops and small twigs for pinning their hair. Tied around Adamu’s waist, concealed from view, was something the men with guns didn’t know about—an article of defiance. It was a diary, one of the few surviving written records of the girls’ ordeal.

Source: Freedom for the World’s Most Famous Hostages Came at a Heavy Price – WSJ

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Burkina Faso planned borrowing ($260 million): energy, agriculture, road in the east, and general budget support

From an article from Ecofin:

Rosine Coulibaly, the Burkinabe minister of economy, has signed last Monday five financing agreements valued at CFA131 billion with technical and financial partners. These monies will be injected in the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES).  The first agreement (for CFA42 billion) concluded with the World Bank should support reforms initiated in the areas of energy and government’s budget management.The second agreement (CFA20.8 billion) concluded with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). It will benefit the Agricultural Sectors’ Promotion Support Project (PAPFA) which aims at boosting output of the four main sectors that are rice, fresh vegetables, sesame and cowpea. Valued at CFA60.13 billion, the third agreement inked with AfDB will help finance the project to lay asphalt on the Goughin-Fada, N’Gourma-Pièga-Niger Border axis. The project overall requires an investment of CFA126 billion.   The fourth agreement was concluded with China which will provide a CFA1.5 billion subsidy to Burkina Faso for the establishment of an interventional cardiology and angiography department at the Tengandog Hospital.  The last agreement was concluded with the French Development Agency (AFD) which will provide CFA6.56 billion as budget support and aid for debt settlement.

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Striking secondary school teachers in Burkina Faso are not grading… students may have to repeat a year

Au Burkina Faso, les élèves ont manifesté dans plusieurs villes du pays pour exiger des évaluations. Depuis des semaines, les enseignants ont déposé leurs stylos en signe de protestation, leurs revendications n’ayant pas été satisfaites.Dans plusieurs régions du Burkina Faso, les élèves ont manifesté mardi 19 décembre. La route nationale N1 a été bloquée pendant plusieurs heures à une centaine de kilomètres de Bobo Dioulasso, dans le sud-ouest du pays. À Ouagadougou, la capitale, les manifestants se sont rendus au ministère de l’Éducation nationale pour rencontrer leur ministre de tutelle.« En tant qu’élève au niveau du Burkina, nous, nous réclamons qu’il y ait des évaluations et que l’année scolaire puisse être sauvée, déclare Dramane Sankara, coordonnateur de l’Association des élèves du secondaire de Ouagadougou. Il faut que le ministère, le gouvernement, les enseignants, arrivent à trouver un terrain d’entente, parce que nous, nous voulons vraiment terminer notre année scolaire. »

Source: Burkina Faso: privés de notes, des lycéens manifestent – RFI

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From the IFLA 2017 Trend Report for libraries around the world

We need ubiquitous individual Internet connectivity – but while we work on that problem we need to guarantee that libraries – all of them, every single one – can provide Internet access to those who visit them, so even those who cannot afford their own Internet connection can get online at their local library. Our libraries need that connectivity themselves so they can share their collections, activities and ideas with one another, too.

Source: ifla_trend_report_2017.pdf

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Great op-ed by my colleague Nancy Unger on tiny houses

The homeless and their advocates envision tiny houses as a practical solution to soaring housing costs. Environmental activists tout them for encouraging a minimalist, non-wasteful lifestyle and for being far more sustainable than recreational vehicles. Tiny houses have also fired the public imagination as designers compete and enthusiasts compare features of the many models available. Yet more than 100 years after the simple earthquake cottages provided safe, durable and affordable housing, urban and suburban zoning codes outlawing the installation of tiny houses remain inviolate.Claims by property owners and business interests of possible threats to public safety posed by the introduction of tiny homes continue to dominate the debate, just as they did more than a century ago. Such claims ignore the immediate threats to the safety of people living on the streets and only thinly mask the concerns that truly dominate: the property values and profits of the already comfortably housed.

Source: Tiny homes are all the rage. So why do so few communities welcome them? – The Washington Post

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Recent reading: Fantasy science-fiction, and historical fiction

For recent leisure reading lately I read four novels/novellas/collections/YA.

  • China Miéville, The Census Taker.  While I did not enjoy the novella, it was like a good workout, following along with an excellent writer a concept, “What would a novel be like if it were… sketched?”  Well, it would take a lot of competence by the reader, one realizes, to appreciate the craft.  So you feel like you are part of the reading elite, reading it.
  • Nancy Bond. A String in the Harp.  I found this in Burkina Faso among some donated books. Cover was ripped off so no use to the libraries there.  I like reading these to imagine a someday Burkinabè fiction: take the 10,000 YA novels already published and adapt to French West Africa => millions of hours of reading pleasure for young people.  But who has the time!  Bond was clearly a master of the genre. The novel is exactly the kind of novel I read in 1973 when I was 11 years old and in 5th or 6th grade.
  • Ursula K. Le Guin. The Found and the Lost (collected novellas).  I had not read too many of the Ekumen stories when I was growing up and reading science fiction in the late 1970s.  These are generally wonderful.  But maybe reading one a month would be better than 10 at a sitting.
  • Francis Spufford. Golden Hill.  Perfect vacation novel.  Good historical drama, with enough intersectionality to fill a pig trough.
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Every Day by David Levithan

I occasionally read young adult fiction, sometimes because my kids are reading something, sometimes because I like to imagine what such fiction would be like for French West African readers.  I finished Every Day by David Levithan over a couple of nights.  A difficult premise.  A teen- naming himself A- inhabits the body of a different teen upon waking.  Groundhog Day but each time in a different body.  Levithan elides the whole problem of how a “person” could survive that kind of “trauma” in early childhood.  To his credit, he does some hand-waving and winking at the reader: “C’mon, you can’t really expect me to figure that one out.” Fair enough.  Everyone knows time-travel fiction suffers from similar problems that require suspension of critical faculties.

Even for me, this was pretty moralizing fiction, though.  The bodies that A cycles through have back stories straight out of a catalog of teen types, and each one is treated fairly, honestly, and compassionately. It gets a trifle treacly as you move through the book.

So what would this look like in Burkina Faso?! That’s the thing.  Exactly the same. The issues that teens face are the same anywhere: Who am I? Why are my parents jerks? Why does nobody like me? Why don’t I like anyone? How can I fly away? I hope someday to see the Burkinabè version.

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Recent activity by Salimata Korbeogo visiting libraries in northern Burkina Faso for FAVL

Le lundi 06/11/2017 la sortie fut dans la commune de Sabce. Elle avait pour objectif, la vérification des outils de gestion et la récupération des livres en retard, nous avons pu récupérer ensemble une dizaine. Le mardi 07/11/2017 la visite dans la commune de Bourzanga n’a pas eu lieu car la ville était menaces donc je fus à Zimtanga, pour l’enregistrement des livres qui en reste encore une bonne partie.  La visite du mercredi 08 et jeudi 09/11/2017 ont été dans les communes de Nassere et Mané pour aussi faire séances de dessin et jeu de scrabble. Elles ont été très belles car beaucoup d’enfants ont participées aux séances de dessin (libre) qui avait pour objectif permettre aux participants d’avoir leur idées créatif, tous les deux ont vu la participation de plus d’une centaine. Plusieurs et joli dessins sont faits. Pour le jeu de scrabble, a Nassere le jeu était nouveau pour les participants, mais avec les explications suivi du pratique ils ont pu jouer sans difficultés le vainqueur avait 270 point contre 145 et moins. Pour la visite et sensibilisation à l’école B de Mané, nous sommes allés trouver que le directeur est absent mais les autres enseignants nous ont accueillis. Après les présentations, je lui fis l’objet de la visite. Ils se disaient satisfait de la visite feront le point au directeur à son retour. Ils nous ont promis de revenir un autre jour.  La journée porte ouverte qui a eu lieu le vendredi 10/11/2017. Cette journée a été très motivée. Il a eu la visite du gestionnaire de la CEB et aussi l’animatrice de CRS de ladite commune Avant de commencer l’enregistrement des noms nous avons présentés la bibliothèque et son fonctionnement son importance etc… A la clôture 266 usagers ont été enregistrés dont 139 femmes et 127 hommes.

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Data analysis of Literature

Nice New York Times article by Jennifer Schluessler.  Data analysis of texts is fun and informative.  But “close reading” will always remain the primary tool for discussing and interpreting a literary text.  The attention to particular phrasing and using novel arrangements of words is what makes a work literary, rather than simple describing and telling.  A “Lucas Critique” applies here as well: as authors themselves learn from the data analysis of texts, they adapt their choices of words.  Once the World Bank finds out how many “and” their documents contain, they go “and” hunting, and then you get shorter sentences.  The changes in syntax emerge after the data analysis.  Future analysts, in order to understand the evolution of style, will have to take into account trends in data analysis as well as trends in literary criticism.

The history of literary criticism is filled with would-be revolutionaries. But few have issued as radical a cry as Franco Moretti, the professor famous for urging his colleagues to stop reading books.Most literary criticism is grounded in close reading, with scholars poring over individual texts to tease out subtle meanings. But to truly grasp the laws of literature, Mr. Moretti has argued in a series of polemics, requires “distant reading”: the computer-assisted crunching of thousands of texts at a time. It’s a pie-in-the-sky idea, perhaps, but one that Mr. Moretti has put into practice. Since 2010, Stanford Literary Lab, which he founded with Matthew Jockers, has issued a string of pamphlets chronicling its research into topics ranging from loudness in the 19th-century novel to the evolving language of World Bank reports.

HT: Kirstyn Leuner

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Compromise and the Civil War: Rejecting the euphemism of John Kelly

Nobody has to be a professional or even amateur historian to understand the import of General John Kelly’s words (below), stated in his capacity as Chief of Staff of the President of the United States, in a formal public interview, in 2017.  In current vocabulary, you just have to be “woke” to understand the meaning.

“… the lack of an ability to compromise led to the Civil War,” is a euphemism for saying, “If northern politicians had been a lot more willing to allow slavery to continue, and to forcibly return escaped slaves, and to allow southern states to secede so that white slave owners could continue to use violence and terror to control their slaves, the Civil War might not have happened.”  Every person in the United States, free and especially slave, knew in 1860 that the first is a euphemism for the second.  And every person in the United States knows this today.

General Kelly uses a euphemism, and not the more true phrasing, for a reason.  He uses the euphemism to deliberately elide the issue.  Why use the euphemism, then?  The only explanation is that the euphemizer cares more about the feelings of the white slave owners, their descendants and their enablers, than the black slaves, their descendants and their allies.  It is that simple.  He decided to tell people what side of the fence he was on.  We heard, loud and clear.  I hope he feels the shame that someone with his experiences should feel, but I am pessimistic that he actually does feel that shame.

General Kelly complains that that people should not apply the moral standards of the present to judge or evaluate the actions of persons in the past.  As many have pointed out, his choice of moral standards of the past is that of the white slave owners. He does not choose the moral standards of the black slaves. He chooses not to empathize with them, and to ignore the easily drawn conclusion that millions of people in the past were quite sure that slavery (forcing people to work through violence and terror) was evil.  Their “old” knowledge of the evils of slavery was quite consonant with our “current” knowledge of the evils of slavery.  There is no basis for his complaint, except a willful blindness.

What Kelly said:

You know, 500 years later, it’s inconceivable to me that you would take what we think now and apply it back then. I think it’s just very, very dangerous. I think it shows you just how much of a lack of appreciation of history and what history is.

I would tell you that Robert E. Lee was an honorable man. He was a man that gave up his country to fight for his state, which 150 years ago was more important than country. It was always loyalty to state first back in those days. Now it’s different today. But the lack of an ability to compromise led to the Civil War, and men and women of good faith on both sides made their stand where their conscience had them make their stand.

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Ioannidis et al. on low bias and publication bias in Economics  the “con” game is still being played loud and even proud

If we adopt the conventional 5% level of statistical significance and 80% power level, as well, then the ‘true effect’ will need to be 2.8 standard errors from zero to discriminate it from zero. The value of 2.8 is the sum of the usual 1.96 for a significance level of 5% and 0.84 that is the standard normal value that makes a 20/80% split in its cumulative distribution. Hence, for a study to have adequate power, its standard error needs to be smaller than the absolute value of the underlying effect divided by 2.8. We make use of this relationship to survey adequate power in economics.

All that remains to calculate power are the values of the standard error and an estimate of ‘true’ effect. Because our survey of empirical economics produced 64,076 effect size estimates and their associated standard errors from 159 meta-analyses…, we have much information from which to work.

Simple weighted or unweighted averages of all reported estimates do much to eliminate sampling error and random misspecification bias, because the average number of estimates per meta-analysis in our survey is 403 (median = 191).

Several statistical methods have been developed to identify and accommodate potential publication and related reporting biases and others have proposed methods to detect and evaluate the extent of p-value hacking. With information from 159 meta-analyses, these statistical methods can be used to approximate the genuine empirical effect, or at the least, to filter out some of the selection bias should it be present in a given area of research.

Table 1 reports the percentage of empirical economics findings that have ‘adequate power’, defined by the widely accepted convention that power is adequate if it is 80% or higher. It is clear that most of empirical economics is underpowered….  half of the areas of economics have approximately 10% or fewer of their estimates with adequate power.

Source: The Power of Bias in Economics Research – Ioannidis – 2017 – The Economic Journal – Wiley Online Library

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Quantifying effects of rent control in San Francisco… very large redistibrution and inefficiency

It almost seems like the uncontrolled landlords are quite content to keep rent control in place: their rents go up substantially.

In this paper, we exploit quasi-experimental variation in the assignment of rent con-trol in San Francisco to study its impacts on tenants, landlords, and the rental market as a whole. Leveraging new micro data which tracks an individual’s migration overtime, we find that rent control increased the probability a renter stayed at their address by close to 20 percent. At the same time, we find that landlords whose properties were exogenously covered by rent control reduced their supply of available rental housing by15%, by either converting to condos/TICs, selling to owner occupied, or redeveloping buildings. This led to a city-wide rent increase of 7% and caused $5 billion of welfare losses to all renters. We develop a dynamic, structural model of neighborhood choice to evaluate the welfare impacts of our reduced form effects. We find that rent control offered large benefits to impacted tenants during the 1995-2012 period, averaging between $2300 and $6600 per person each year, with aggregate benefits totaling over$390 million annually. The substantial welfare losses due to decreased housing supply could be mitigated if insurance against large rent increases was provided as a form of government social insurance, instead of a regulated mandate on landlords.

Source: The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco  by Rebecca Diamond, Tim McQuade, and Franklin Qian.

HT: Irene, muchas gracais!

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Mercury News weighs in on quiet attempt of Santa Clara County to take over Housing Authority

The Santa Clara County Housing Authority needs a shakeup. Dealing with federal rental vouchers and other programs for low-income residents, the authority’s appointed governing board is autonomous from both the county and the city of San Jose. The joint authority manages about $300 million in federal Housing and Urban Development funds granted to the county and the city. It should be governed by publicly-accountable elected officials from both.Talks are under way to make that happen, but it was a rocky start.An impatient County Supervisor Cindy Chavez jolted things into gear two weeks ago by proposing a unilateral county takeover of the authority — without consulting the city first — and aiming for a vote Oct. 17. Fortunately, that will be postponed, and discussions among top level city, county and housing authority staff this past week left everyone hopeful that agreement can be reached.

Source: Editorial: Santa Clara County Housing Authority takeover

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Statues of important historical figures (so far all men) being made Burkina Faso

A nice initiative by the Minister of Culture Tahirou Barry.

Le circuit inaugural s’est refermé à Dori avec le baptême du monument de Hama Arba Diallo, figure emblématique de l’opposition burkinabè. « Arba Diallo est une figure emblématique de notre insurrection populaire qui a dit non au pouvoir à vie dans ce pays. Arba Diallo, c’est le symbole de la réussite de la politique de décentralisation dans notre pays à travers sa gestion efficace de la mairie, malgré l’adversité, malgré les difficultés. Arba Diallo, c’est le symbole du patriotisme, de l’audace, du courage, de la combativité. Et malgré son âge (75ans) il a toujours été présent auprès des jeunes, de tous ceux qui voulaient une nouvelle ère dans notre pays et cela mérite une reconnaissance et un souvenir d’où son portrait monumental exhibant son fameux carton rouge d’expulsion de Blaise Compaoré du jeu politique de 2015 », a expliqué le ministre Tahirou Barry.Ce sont donc au total quatre monuments et un mémorial qui ont été inaugurés à l’issue de cette première tournée du ministre de la Culture, des Arts et du Tourisme en attendant d’autres localités dont l’étape de Koupéla s’annonce imminente.

Source: Burkina Faso : Des monuments érigés à la mémoire des grandes figures (…) – leFaso.net, l’actualité au Burkina Faso

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Traditional chiefs appropriated local structures of the Sankara “revolution” Burkina Faso… nice article

La résistance des pouvoirs coutumiers s’est faite par la recherche permanente du contrôle des structures populaires. Dans ce modus operandi, les institutions coutumières s’appuyèrent sur les liens familiaux et lignagers afin d’investir les structures populaires. Les chefs traditionnels ont su en effet utiliser ces postulats sociologiques pour contenir ou rendre inopérantes les mesures et les tactiques qui visaient leur mort politique et sociale.A ce niveau, lorsque l’on prend la ville de Ouagadougou, au secteur 29, le responsable aux activités socio-économiques du CDR était parent direct du chef de Wemtenga. A Yegueresso, village de Bobo-Dioulasso dans la province du Houet, c’est un cousin patrilatéral du chef qui a assumé la fonction importante de délégué CDR depuis 1983 jusqu’à l’avènement de la rectification. A Sirakélé, village du département de Tchériba dans la province du Mouhoun, c’était à un neveu paternel du chef coutumier qu’échoyait la charge de délégué CDR depuis 1983. Même cas de figure dans le village de Dourkou, toujours dans la même région, où le délégué CDR porté à la tête de la localité n’était autre que le chef du village ; ce dernier se succéda à lui-même comme délégué CR en 1988(René OTAYEK, Filiga Michel SAWADOGO et Jean-Pierre GUINGANE, 1996, p. 161).

Source: La résistance des pouvoirs coutumiers aux structures populaires sous la (…) – leFaso.net, l’actualité au Burkina Faso

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Upcoming colloquim on leagacy of Thomas Sankara

Les 26 et 27 octobre 2017, l’Université Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo abritera un colloque pour marquer le 30e anniversaire de l’assassinat du Président Thomas Sankara (15 octobre 1987). L’objectif étant de permette aux acteurs politiques, scientifiques et de la société civile de discuter de la conduite des affaires publiques par le père de la révolution. Au nom de la Coordination nationale du mouvement et du Comité d’organisation du colloque, Smokey (Serge Bambara) a donné les grandes lignes de cette rencontre. Pour lui, cela découle de l’idéal de combat et de gouvernance que le Capitaine Sankara a incarné durant ses quatre ans de gestion du pouvoir d’Etat.

Source: Mouvement le Balai Citoyen : Un colloque pour dire du « bien » et du « mal » (…) – leFaso.net, l’actualité au Burkina Faso

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Stockton basic income: Of all the “experiments” to run in the world, this one is probably idiotic in the sense that social science will learn nothing of value from it

Maybe 100 people. Likely currently unemployed and poor.  So we call that means-tested welfare, not a universal basic income.  And the control group sure won’t have any response bias, for sure.

Tubbs says he hopes the experiment will run at least three years and benefit at least 100 people, which would put the total cost of the transfers at $1.8 million (before implementation costs). If it works, he envisions a public-private partnership eventually expanding the approach to cover more of the city.That would probably require significant outside funding. The fiscal situation in Stockton is much improved from when it fell into bankruptcy, but a truly universal, not-lotteried benefit at the municipal level would be challenging to enact. The plan would likely trigger an influx of residents from nearby towns (and maybe even some from farther away). The town, facing high borrowing costs due to its junk bond-level credit ratings post-bankruptcy, would need to raise taxes in response to that. Higher taxes could in turn lead some high-income residents to leave, setting off a vicious cycle.  Tubbs concedes that ideally this is the kind of policy that would be implemented at the state or national level. Nonetheless, he says, “It’s a great opportunity to have this conversation about all these factors. … Stockton is a proxy for America: its diversity, its people. It’s a place that’s emerging and has big bold ideas.”

Source: 3 years ago, Stockton, California, was bankrupt. Now it’s trying out a basic income. – Vox

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New documentary on koglweogo in Burkina Faso. Rough justice and torture.

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Documentary on RTB on koglweogo of Kaibo in Centre-sud

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